Ētahi atu whakakōkī petrochemical
Ētahi atu whakakōkī petrochemical
He tauhohenga te wai o te wai me tetahi atu matū hei hanga i tetahi ngota ngota.Ngota ngota wai me ona hauwai me te hauwai me nga ngota rauemi hei taapiri herenga kore ki te hanga i nga puhui hou, i roto i tenei mahi ka whai waahi ki roto i te rauemi e kiia nei ko te hydration catalyst, kua whakamahia tenei tikanga whakahiato ki te hanga matū matū.Ko te tukanga whakamaoritanga tetahi o nga tikanga whakahiato waro, engari hei tikanga whakaputa nui, he iti noa iho ki etahi momo hua, penei i te waihano me te diol.
Ka taea te whakamaroke ma te whakamahana, ma te whakakorikori ranei, ma te tauhohenga ranei me tetahi kaihoko whakamaroke.Ko te tauhohenga whakaheke wai ko te huringa whakamuri o te tauhohenga wai, ko te nuinga o te tauhohenga endothermic, i te nuinga o te waa, ko te nui o te pāmahana me te iti o te pehanga e pai ana ki te tauhohenga.I tua atu, ko te nuinga o te tukanga whakamaroketanga me whakahaere i te aroaro o nga whakakorikori.Ko te whakakōkī e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga hydration — he pai hoki te whakakōkī waikawa mō te matewai, whakamahia nuitia ko te waikawa pungatara, waikawa ūkuikui, konumohe waikura me te pera i runga i.He rereke nga hua matua me te whiriwhiringa teitei o nga momo whakakorikori.
Ko te Alkylation te whakawhitinga o te roopu alkyl mai i tetahi ngota ki tetahi atu.He tauhohenga ka whakauruhia he roopu alkyl (methyl, ethyl, etc.) ki roto i te ngota ngota.Ko nga kaihoko Alkylation e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te ahumahi ko te olefin, te halane, te alkyl sulfate ester, etc.
I roto i te tukanga whakamahine paerewa, ka whakakotahihia e te punaha alkylation te iti ngota ngota ngota (te nuinga o te propylene me te butene) me te isobutane ma te whakamahi i te whakakorikori (sulfonic, hydrofluoric acid) hei hanga i nga alkylates (te nuinga o nga octane teitei ake, nga taha taha).Ka taea te wehea nga tauhohenga Alkylation ki te waiariki alkylation me catalytic alkylation.Na te nui o te pāmahana o te tauhohenga waiariki alkylation, he ngawari ki te whakaputa pyrolysis me etahi atu tauhohenga taha, na reira ka whakamahia te tikanga alkylation catalytic i roto i te umanga.
Na te mea he waikawa kaha te waikawa sulfuric me te waikawa hydrofluoric, he tino kino te pirau o nga taputapu.Na reira, mai i te tirohanga o te hanga haumaru me te whakamarumaru o te taiao, ehara enei whakakorikori e rua hei whakakorikori pai.I tenei wa, ka whakamahia te superacid totoka hei whakakōkī alkylation, engari kaore ano kia tae ki te waahi o te tono ahumahi i tenei wa.
Te hurihanga o tetahi imaoma ki tetahi.Ko te tukanga o te whakarereke i te hanganga o te puhui me te kore e whakarereke i tona hanganga me te taumaha ngota.He panoni i te tuunga o te ngota, te roopu ranei i roto i te ngota ngota ngota waro.I te nuinga o nga wa i te aroaro o nga whakakōkī.
Ko tetahi momo waiwaro ka taea te huri kia rua nga momo waro waro rereke ma te whakamahi i te mahi whakawehenga, no reira ko te whakawehenga tetahi o nga tikanga nui hei whakahaere i te tuku me te hiahia o te waiwaro i roto i te umanga.Ko nga tono tino nui ko te toruene disproportionation ki te whakanui ake i te hanga xylene me te whakaputa i te benzene parakore teitei i te wa kotahi, me te propylene disproportionation ki te whakaputa i nga tukanga triolefin o te polymer-grade ethylene me te butene parakore teitei.Ko te hurihanga o te toluene ki te benzene me te xylene i te nuinga o te waa ka whakamahia te whakakorikori konumohe silicon.I tenei wa, ko te rangahau tino rongonui ko te molecular sieve catalyst, penei i te meridionite-momo hiraka molecular sieve.
Tuhia to korero ki konei ka tukuna mai ki a matou
